Computer Operating System

Operating System

Multi User

Single User

User Interface

Operating System: Operating System n‡”Q Computer cwiPvjbv Kivi c×wZ| Operating System nj Ggb GKwU Program hv Kw¤úDUv‡ii Hardware Ges Software †K wbqš¿b K‡i Ges G¸‡jv‡K Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Operating System e¨envi Kvixi mv‡_ Kw¤úDUv‡ii Hardware Ges Software Gi m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i †`q| Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Install Kivi ci GUv C-Drive G msiwÿZ _v‡K| Operating System WªvBf †_‡K WvUv RAM G wb‡q Av‡m Ges †cÖvMÖvg RAM G wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Operating System `yB cÖKvit-

1. Kernel : Operating System Qvov †hgb Computer Pj‡Z cv‡ibv †Zgwb Kernel QvovI Operating System Pj‡Z cv‡ibv| Kernel A‡bKUvB Operating System Gi gZ KvR K‡i| C-Drive †_‡K RAM G Data Avbvi ci Kernel WvUv Execute K‡i| RAM Gi KvR m¤úbœ nevi ci †mB Data e¨enviKvix KZ©„K cybivq Hard Disk G Save nq|

Single User : GKK ev GKRb e¨enviKvixi e¨envi †hvM¨ Operating System †K Single User Operating System e‡j| D`vnibÑ MS-DOS, MS-NT, MS-3.X, MS-DOS Gi †kl fvm©b MS-6.22 Av‡m 1994 mv‡ji April gv‡m|

Multi user : GKK mg‡q GK ev GKvwaK e¨enviKvixi e¨envi †hvM¨ Operating System †K Multi User Operating System e‡j| G Operating System G GKwU Server Computer _v‡K| Gi mv‡_ GKwU Drive _v‡K| GB Drive Gi mv‡_B Mouse, Monitor, Key Board BZ¨vw` I/O Device ¸‡jvi ms‡hvM _v‡K| Server Computer cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Avjv`v Avjv`v Account _v‡K| D`vnibÑ Windows-XP, Windows-7, Windows-8, Linux, MAC BZ¨vw`|

Importance of O/S: Computer e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Operating System Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vcK| wb‡P O/S Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv Kiv njÑ

Þ Kw¤úDUvi mPj I e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Kiv|

Þ Hardware I Software Gi Ae¯’v ch©‡eÿY Kiv|

Þ e¨enviKvixi wb‡`©k MÖnb I Kvh© m¤úv`b Kiv|

Þ Hard Disk G Program Load Kiv I Process Kiv|

Þ WvUv Read I Write Kiv, msiÿb I ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv|

Working Process of O/S: ‡h‡nZz Operating System Kw¤úDUv‡ii Af¨šÍixb mKj Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i, †m‡nZz Operating System Qvov Computer APj| Computer Pvjy Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ O/S RAM Gi Memory cwimi wbY©q K‡i| Gici Start Up Disk L&&&&&&&&y‡R †ei K‡i Ges Disk †_‡K System File Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask RAM G wb‡q Av‡m| G‡Z Key Board, Font, Desktop Accessories BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kgvjv O/S Gi AvIZvq P‡j Av‡m| Computer Gi hveZxq KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ G ch©v‡q Operating System Avev‡iv Start Up Disk †_‡K Printer I Ab¨vb¨ hš¿cvwZi mv‡_ Z_¨ wewbg‡qi Rb¨ Resource ¸‡jv‡K wb‡q Av‡m| mg¯Í cÖ¯‘wZ †kl n‡q †M‡j Operating System e¨enviKvixi wb‡`©‡ki Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡i|

Working Procedure of Operating System: Operating System Gi KvR njÑ

Þ Computer Gi Hardware †K mPj I e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Kiv|

Þ Program cwiPvjbv Kiv|

Þ I/O Device ‡K Monitoring Kiv|

Þ User I Software Gi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Kiv|

Þ File System Control Kiv|

Þ Program Load Kiv|

Þ Program Gi f~j aiv I Zv mgvavb Kiv|

Þ System Share Kiv|

Kinds of Operating System Depend on Structure & Work : MVb I Kv‡Ri Dci wfwË K‡i Operating System ‡K wb‡¤œv³ †kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv n‡q‡QÑ

1. Batch Processing Operating System.

2. Multi Processing Operating System.

3. Multi Programming Operating System.

4. Time Sharing Operating System.

5. Real Time Operating System.

6. On line Operating System.

7. Dedicated Operating System.

8. Virtual Storage/ Machine Operating System.

Computer System

Hardware

Operating System

Programming System

User

Programming System : User Zvi Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© †h wm‡÷g Use K‡i Zv‡K Programming System e‡j| D`vnibÑ Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Dream Weaver, Adobe Reader, HTML⁺⁺, HTML KIT BZ¨vw`|

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) :

MS-DOS ïaygvG GKRb e¨enviKvix e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| MS-DOS Gi Kernel A‡bK kw³kvjx| Ms-Dos Gi Kernel Abyhvqx Processor, RAM, Input, Output me Device ¸‡jv‡K mwµq K‡i| Ms-Dos Gi A‡bK¸‡jv version Avwe®‹…Z nq| me©‡kl version 6.22 Avwe®‹…Z nq 1994 mv‡ji April gv‡m| Ms-Dos ‡m‡KÛvwi †g‡gvix †hgb- FD (Floppy Disk ), HD (Hard Disk), CD, DVD BZ¨vw`‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i|

Windows

Microsoft K‡cv©‡ikb KZ…©K †W‡fjcK…Z Operating System n‡”Q Windows| GwU GKwU wPÎ wfwËK Operating System| Windows Gi gva¨‡g Graphical Based System Ges A‡bK ¸‡jv KvR m¤úv`b Kiv nq| 1983 mv‡ji 10 b‡f¤^i Microsoft cÖ_g Windows bvgK Operating System Gi †Nvlbv †`q| 1985 mv‡ji 2 †k b‡f¤^i gv‡m Windows Gi cÖ_g version Windows 1.0 Avwe¯‹…Z nq| Gi `yB eQi ci 1987 mv‡j 9B wW‡m¤^i gv‡m Gi 2nd version Ms-Windows 2.0 Avwe¯‹…Z nq| Gici 1990 mv‡ji †g gv‡mi 22 ZvwiL Windows Gi AviI DbœZ version Ms-Windows 3.0 evRv‡i Av‡m Ges GwUB me©cÖ_g Windows evRv‡i Av‡m | 1995 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m eûj e¨eüZ Windows 95 Av‡m| 1996 mv‡j ˆZix nq Windows 4.0| 1998 mv‡j Avwe®‹…Z nq Windows 98| Gici 2000 mv‡j Windows 2000 evRv‡i Av‡m| 2001 mv‡ji 25 October Windows-XP Av‡m| 2003 mv‡ji 2 †k GwcÖj Microsoft ‡Kv¤úvbxi Windows Server fvm©b Windows Server 2003 evRv‡i Av‡m| AZci 2005 mv‡ji 2 †k GwcÖj Windows-XP Ges Windows Server 2003 Gi 64weU wn‡m‡e Avwef©yZ nq| 2006 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m Windows Vista evRv‡i Av‡m| Gici 2009 mv‡ji 22 †k RyjvB Windows-7 cÖKvwkZ nq I 22‡k A‡±vei evRv‡i Av‡m, 2012 mv‡ji 2 †k A‡±vie Windows-8, Ges 17B A‡±vei 2013 mv‡j Windows-8.1 evRv‡i Av‡m | Ges 2015 mv‡ji 29 †k RyjvB Windows Gi Last Version Windows-10 Ges 26-30‡k †m‡Þ¤^i †cÖm Kbdv‡iÝ Gi gva¨‡g Windows Server 2016 Gi †Nvlbv †`b|

Windows Gi ‰ewkó¨ t

Windows Gi ‰ewkó¨ wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t-

1. Windows nj GUI (Graphical User Interface) ev wPÎ wfw³K Operating System.

3. GKwU eÜzmyjf Operating System.

4. G‡Z †Kvb KgvÛ †jLv ev gyL¯Í Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|

5. Windows GKwU Multi-tasking Ges Multi-User Operating System.